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How to Build Upgradable Smart Contracts with Proxies Smart contracts are immutable by default. Once deployed, their code cannot be changed. While this ensures trustlessness, it becomes a problem when you need to fix bugs, add features, or adapt to new requirements. Upgradable smart contracts solve this problem by allowing developers to update contract logic without changing the contract's address.This is where proxies come into play. Proxies act as middlemen, delegating function calls to the latest version of your logic contract. In this guide, we'll explain how proxies work and walk you through building your first upgradable contract. If you are looking to know more about smart contracts, visit our smart contract development services.Types of Proxy PatternsTransparent Proxy: Distinguishes between admin and user calls.UUPS (EIP-1822): Logic upgrades are handled by the implementation contract.Beacon Proxy: Allows many proxies to share a single upgrade source.For simplicity, we'll focus on the Transparent Proxy pattern in this guide.Also, Check | Creating Cross-Chain Smart Contracts with Polkadot and SubstrateStep-by-Step Guide to Building an Upgradable ContractPrerequisitesBasic knowledge of Solidity and JavaScript.Node.js and npm installed.A code editor (e.g., VS Code).1. Setting Up the EnvironmentInstall Hardhat and OpenZeppelin (a library for secure smart contracts):mkdir upgradable-contracts && cd upgradable-contracts npm init -y npm install --save-dev hardhat npx hardhat init # Choose "Create a JavaScript project" npm install @openzeppelin/contracts @openzeppelin/hardhat-upgrades2. Writing the Implementation ContractCreate contracts/StorageV1.sol:// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.20; contract StorageV1 { uint256 public value; // Initialize instead of a constructor function initialize(uint256 _value) public { value = _value; } function updateValue(uint256 _value) public { value = _value; } }3. Deploying the ProxyCreate a deployment script (scripts/deploy.js):const { ethers, upgrades } = require("hardhat"); async function main() { // Deploy the implementation (StorageV1) and proxy const Storage = await ethers.getContractFactory("StorageV1"); const proxy = await upgrades.deployProxy(Storage, [100], { initializer: "initialize" }); await proxy.waitForDeployment(); console.log("Proxy deployed to:", await proxy.getAddress()); } main();Run the Script:npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network localhost4. Testing the SetupCreate test/Storage.test.js:const { expect } = require("chai"); const { ethers, upgrades } = require("hardhat"); describe("Storage (Proxy)", function () { it("Should deploy and initialize", async function () { const Storage = await ethers.getContractFactory("StorageV1"); const proxy = await upgrades.deployProxy(Storage, [100]); expect(await proxy.value()).to.equal(100); }); });Run tests:npx hardhat test5. Upgrading the ContractCreate contracts/StorageV2.sol with a new function:contract StorageV2 is StorageV1 { function increment() public { value += 1; } }Update the proxy to use StorageV2(scripts/upgrade.js):async function main() { const StorageV2 = await ethers.getContractFactory("StorageV2"); const proxy = await upgrades.upgradeProxy("YOUR_PROXY_ADDRESS", StorageV2); console.log("Proxy upgraded to StorageV2"); }You may also like | Optimism Platform: Developing and Implementing Layer 2 Smart ContractsBest Practices and ConsiderationsStorage Layout: Never change the order or type of existing variables in upgrades. Use OpenZeppelin's Storage Gaps for future-proofing.Security: Transfer proxy admin rights to a multisig wallet or DAO.Testing: Always test upgrades on a testnet before deploying to mainnet.Avoid Initial Values in Constructors: Use initialize functions instead.ConclusionUpgradable smart contracts are essential for building flexible, future-proof dApps. By using proxy patterns, you can update your contract's logic while preserving its state and address. Start with the Transparent Proxy pattern, follow best practices, and always prioritize security.

Technology: AWS BEDROCK , POLKADOT more Category: Blockchain

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