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Ready to Expand? Discover PWA Tactics That Drive Growth Your business's digital presence is a crucial marker of its ability to reach and engage customers effectively, and with consumers flooded with options more now than ever, a reliable and efficient user experience is non-negotiable.Just take the example of a food delivery app -- the user is hungry, likely to be pressed for time, and needs to get the food delivered fast. In such time-sensitive scenarios, slow loading, and clunky PWAs can tick off users in a bad way and may lead them to immediately switch to competitors.Or even in cases of less urgent scenarios, like for an e-commerce app, shopping decisions are often time-consuming where customers need to browse a lot of products before coming to a final purchasing decision. Slow-loading pages can make them immensely frustrated if they encounter delays while navigating products or during the checkout process. Not only it can hurt your business credibility but can also cause financial loss through abandoned carts and reduced chances of future engagement.However, by implementing progressive enhancement, you can safely avoid such scenarios and excel at delivering seamless experiences even in less ideal conditions. Its strong focus on usability, performance, and resilience helps to ensure that your products and services are available to all sections of the audience, regardless of their device or browser limitations.Wider accessibility and reliable functionality make users more likely to trust your offerings compared to competitors, as they feel assured that unpredictable conditions will not hamper their user experience in times of need.Progressive enhancement of yourPWAsdoesn't let you compromise on quality either. This means all types of audiences, whether using older and advanced devices, receive the best experience their device can support – simpler HTML formats and core functionality for older models and enhanced features and interactivity for more advanced devices. By prioritizing performance and functionality, it helps you drive loyalty and engagement for your brand.In this article, we will explore in-depth how progressive enhancement can elevate your digital expansion approach, its principles, and how you can implement it to improve your accessibility.The Core Principles of Progressive Enhancement1. Build a strong foundation with a content-first strategy: The foundational content of your website should be universally visible across all browsers, regardless of any limitations or requirements they may have. To achieve this, you should adopt a content-first approach and utilize semantic HTML to create your essential content so that it is accessible without relying on any additional enhancements like styling and scripts. Also, try to ensure that the layout for your PWA contributes to the readability of your content, rather than overshadowing it with unnecessary elements.2. Use a layered approach:By separating your content into 3 distinct layers i.e., HTML, CSS, and Javascript, it gets comparatively easier to maintain the site, allows for graceful degradation, and will offer functionality to the user even if additional layers of CSS or Javascript happens to fail.3. Ensure that basic functionality is accessible to all:By maintaining a baseline experience for all your users i.e., offering core functionality such as navigation and forms that are built with semantic HTML, you ensure accessibility for all users, even to those with older devices, browsers, and unstable conditions.4. Practise meaningful brevity for semantic structure:If your HTML code is excessively burdened with unorganized elements, you can lose out on crucial SEO opportunities and limit the accessibility of your PWA site. To avoid such bloating of the code structure, use semantic HTML elements like <header>, <footer>, <nav>, etc that are indicative of their objective instead of vague elements like <div> or <span> tags.5. Layout enhancement should be enforced through external CSS linking: Opt for external CSS linking to handle all your styling and layout objectives as it helps to keep your HTML clean, allows styles to be cached by browsers, and helps with graceful degradation for old browser versions.6. Enhanced functionality should be provided through externally linked Javascript: When a site is interactive and visually appealing, it is bound to catch more eyes and increase retention. However, these styling elements should not become a burden on functionality and a hindrance to accessibility. This is why it is best to enforce it through external Javascript files that are modular in nature, easier to maintain and in case of unavailability of required resources, won't affect your PWA's core functionality.How Progressive Enhancement of PWA Can Elevate Your Digital Expansion Approach1. Better AccessibilityProviding a rich user experience is essential for customer satisfaction, but that is only possible if your PWA is accessible to the user. Web pages created according to the principles of progressive enhancement ensure that their content is accessible to users regardless of their device, browser requirements, or network conditions. This measure promotes accessibility and inclusivity by following a number of useful practices such as:(i) Semantic HTML: Using elements like <header>, <nav>, <main>, and <footer> to define page sections, and <h1>, <h2> and <h3> for content hierarchy, semantic HTML provides a solid foundation of structure and meaning to the content. This makes it easier for assistive technologies like screen readers to interpret and navigate, ensuring universal accessibility and inclusivity while allowing advanced features to be progressively layered with CSS and Javascript for an enhanced user experience.(ii) Graceful Fallback: Even if a certain feature of the webpage (like CSS animations or Javascript) is not supported by the browser, it will still provide the core functionality when accessed by the user. For example, if you have an e-commerce site, by just using basic HTML and CSS, your customers can browse the products and complete their purchases.But in more network and browser-favorable conditions, the site's functionality can be enhanced with superior features like push notifications with the latest browsers, drag-and-drop functionality, and real-time inventory updates. This approach ensures a versatile experience that offers utility to all audiences while offering engaging features for those with access to enhanced capabilities.(iii) Responsive Design and Performance Optimization: For responsive design, the application of CSS media queries makes it easier for web pages to adapt to different screen sizes, whether on a mobile or large desktop. Additionally, by prioritizing core functionality and use of simple HTML for forming webpage elements, features upload at a much faster speed, even in slow connections resulting in more efficient performance of the PWA.(iv) Accessible Design and Support for Multiple Input Methods: Progressively enhanced websites follow accessible design principles that promote inclusivity for diverse sections of audiences. Practices like using semantic HTML, keyboard navigation, contrast and scalable text, alt attributes for images and text alternatives for videos make up these accessible design practices that expand the accessibility of your webpage and also cater to people requiring visual or hearing aids.Moreover, progressive enhancement ensures your website works with a variety of user preferences, be it mouse, voice controls, touch, or keyboards, overall making it an accessible and inclusive web experience.2. Improved SEO and Brand Visibility:By employing efficient practices like semantic HTML, progressive loading, optimizing page speed, and prioritizing accessible content across browsers, progressive enhancement can significantly elevate the discoverability of your website. These practices are aimed at simplifying and improving your PWA's HTML structure, making it easier for search engines to locate, crawl, and index your site and ultimately boosting its SEO performance.1. Progressive loading of advanced layers:To free the main content from heavy layers of styling, external layers of Javascript files are used to provide enhanced functionality for PWAs. This will allow you to prioritize content and deliver core functionality first, whereas advanced content like (animations, offline support, real-time interactions) will be deferred to service workers or Javascript layers, overall improving the user experience and its likelihood of getting indexed by search engines.2. Server-side rendering and fallback content:Just because a browser doesn't support your all the features of your PWA site, doesn't mean it shouldn't be accessible to users completely. By using server-side rendering or static HTML for delivering your basic and core content, users can open your site even if a particular browser fails to execute specific Javascript files. Moreover, by offering fully rendered pages upfront, it makes it easier for sites to be crawled and indexed, thus improving your site's overall SEO performance.3. Accessibility enhancements:Implementing ARIA roles, use of semantic HTML, providing keyboard navigation support, responsive and scalable content, accessible forms with labes and alt text for images are some of the accessibility enhancements you can utilize to elevate the discoveribility of your site.4. Structured data for rich snippets:A great way to increase click-through-rates (CTR) and reach a wider audience for your PWA is to utilize structured data (JSON-LD) for defining metadata of your content, that would in turn help to display your content as rich snippets at the top of search engines.3. Resilience and Offline Support:Progressive enhancement ensures that core functionalities of PWAs remain intact, even in poor network conditions. By using service workers, PWAs can cache essential assets and content, allowing users to interact with the app offline.For eg., users can view previously loaded pages, access critical features, or queue tasks for later synchronization. This resilience makes PWAs dependable and increases user satisfaction. Even if advanced features fail or don't load due to network issues, the basic app experience remains accessible, ensuring users are never completely cut off from the service.4. Enhanced Performance with Gradual Feature Loading:Progressive enhancement optimizes app performance by prioritizing essential content and features. The core functionality loads first, ensuring a quick and responsive experience, while advanced features, such as animations or dynamic content, are loaded later for users on high-performance devices or networks.This gradual loading reduces the risk of overwhelming older devices or connections and minimizes loading times for all users. By focusing on performance from the start, PWAs can provide a smooth, frustration-free experience, which encourages users to stay engaged and reduces bounce rates.Steps to Implement Progressive Enhancement in PWAs1. Start with Semantic HTML: Use well-structured and semantic HTML to ensure content is accessible without requiring JavaScript.2. Add Basic CSS for Usability:Include basic styles to ensure the application is readable and functional without relying on advanced CSS features and use progressive enhancement to add animations, grid layouts, or media queries for capable devices.3. Enhance with JavaScript:Write JavaScript in a way that it enhances functionality rather than being essential for the app to work.4. Leverage Service Workers: Implement service workers to provide offline capabilities, caching, and background synchronization for modern browsers. For older browsers without service worker support, ensure the core content is accessible via standard HTTP requests.5. Use Web App Manifest:Add a manifest.json file to enable app-like features such as adding to the home screen or a custom splash screen for modern browsers.Browsers that don't support the manifest file will simply ignore these features.6. Provide Fallbacks for Modern APIs:Check for browser support before using modern APIs like Push Notifications, Geolocation, or WebRTC.7. Graceful Degradation:Plan for scenarios where advanced features are unavailable. For example, use server-side rendering as a fallback for dynamic JavaScript-driven interfaces.ConclusionProgressive enhancement in PWAs ensures reliability, inclusivity, and superior user experiences by prioritizing core functionality first and adding advanced features later. This approach makes PWAs accessible across devices and network conditions, ensuring resilience and broader reach.By focusing on essential performance and gradual feature implementation, progressive enhancement fosters trust and engagement among users, regardless of their technological limitations. It also future-proofs applications by accommodating newer capabilities without sacrificing basic usability. Overall, progressive enhancement is a strategic development approach that balances performance, inclusivity, and innovation, making PWAs a powerful solution for delivering adaptable, high-quality web experiences for diverse audiences.Why Choose Oodles For Building Your Next High-Performance ApplicationChoosing Oodles for building your next app ensures you gain access to a team of experienced developers skilled in crafting high-performance applications across all types—be it web, mobile, or hybrid. With expertise in Progressive Web Apps (PWAs), native apps, cross-platform solutions, and enterprise-grade applications, we deliver tailored experiences that prioritize speed, scalability, and user engagement. Our team focuses on modern technologies, responsive design, and optimization techniques to create apps that perform flawlessly across devices and platforms. From concept to launch,Oodles combines innovation, technical expertise, and customer-focused strategies to deliver apps that drive results and meet diverse business needs.To know more about our expertise and portfolio on PWA and mobile applications, visit:https://www.oodles.com/progressive-web-apps/3944419

Technology: Vue.JS , ReactJS more Category: Mobile

Arpita Pal

22 Jan 2025

MEV Protection: Solving Front-Running in DeFi Contracts Front-Running in Traditional MarketsFront-running in traditional markets occurs when a broker, aware of a client's impending large order, places their own trade beforehand to profit from the anticipated price movement.Front-Running in Cryptocurrency MarketsIn the context ofcryptocurrency development, front-running has evolved into a more sophisticated form. Validators, who run software to approve transactions on the network, may exploit their knowledge of the transaction queue or mempool. They can reorder, include, or omit transactions to benefit financially.Example:A miner notices a large buy order for a particular cryptocurrency token. The miner places their own buy order first, validates the larger buy order afterward, and profits from the resulting price increase through arbitrage.The Big Problem of MEV BotsFront-running in the cryptocurrency space goes beyond individual validators; it involves a network of Maximum Extractable Value (MEV) traders operating bots designed to profit from blockchain complexity. According to Ryan Zurrer, around 50 teams actively participate in MEV trading—with approximately 10 dominating the market. The top-performing teams reportedly earn monthly profits in the high five- to mid-six-figure range, reaching millions under optimal market conditions.On public blockchains, transaction data is accessible to everyone. Without regulations like SEC cybersecurity rules, most front-running occurs on decentralized exchanges (DEXs). As a result, the DeFi ecosystem is rife with skilled traders deploying MEV bots to exploit the on-chain landscape.Also, Explore: A Comprehensive Guide to Triangular Arbitrage BotsUnderstanding the ProblemFront-running occurs when an attacker observes an unconfirmed transaction in the mempool and submits their own transaction with a higher gas fee, ensuring priority execution.Common Targets:DEX Trades: Exploiting price slippage.Liquidations: Capturing opportunities before others.NFT Mints: Securing scarce assets faster.Preventative Strategies in Smart ContractsCommit-Reveal SchemesMechanism: Users first commit to a transaction without revealing its details (for example, by submitting a hash of their order and a random nonce). Later, the order details are revealed and executed.Use Case: This approach prevents the premature exposure of trading parameters.Randomized Transaction OrderingMechanism: Introduce randomness to shuffle the transaction execution order within blocks.Example: Use VRF (Verifiable Random Functions) or solutions like Chainlink VRF.Fair Sequencing ServicesMechanism: Transactions are ordered by an impartial third party or through cryptographic fairness guarantees.Example: Layer-2 solutions or custom sequencing methods.Slippage ControlsMechanism: Allow users to specify maximum slippage tolerances.Example: Set limits in functions like swapExactTokensForTokens() on AMMs such as Uniswap.Timeout MechanismsMechanism: Orders or transactions expire if not executed within a specified block range.Also, Check: Build a Crypto Payment Gateway Using Solana Pay and ReactOn-Chain SolutionsPrivate MempoolsMechanism: Send transactions directly to validators instead of broadcasting them in the public mempool, thereby shielding details from attackers.Examples:Flashbots: A private relay for bundling transactions.MEV-Boost: Helps block proposers securely manage transaction ordering.Enforced Transaction PrivacyMechanism: Use zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) to facilitate private trades.Examples: Protocols such as zkSync and Aztec.Economic DisincentivesTransaction BondingMechanism: Require refundable deposits for executing transactions. If foul play is detected, the bond is forfeited.Penalties for Malicious BehaviorMechanism: Impose penalties for front-running attempts, enforced directly via smart contract logic.Off-Chain MitigationsOff-Chain Order BooksMechanism: Conduct order matching and price discovery off-chain while settling trades on-chain to obscure order details from the mempool.Batch AuctionsMechanism: Group trades into batches that execute at the same price, thereby preventing the exploitation of individual transactions.Tools and FrameworksFlashbots: For private transaction relays and MEV-aware strategies.Uniswap V3 Oracle: Mitigates price manipulation using time-weighted average prices.OpenZeppelin Contracts: Provides security primitives such as rate limits.Continuous Monitoring and AuditsRegularly monitor for unusual transaction patterns and conduct frequent audits of smart contracts to identify vulnerabilities.Also, Read: Creating a Token Vesting Contract on the Solana BlockchainCommitReveal.sol Examplefunction reveal(string memory _secret) external { Commit storage userCommit = commits[msg.sender]; // Rename local variable require(!userCommit.revealed, "Already revealed"); require(block.timestamp <= userCommit.commitTimestamp + commitTimeout, "Commit expired"); require(userCommit.hash == keccak256(abi.encodePacked(msg.sender, _secret)), "Invalid secret"); delete commits[msg.sender]; // Deletes the commit to save gas emit CommitRevealed(msg.sender); // Process the transaction } // File: project-root/contracts/CommitReveal.sol // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.0; contract CommitReveal { struct Commit { bytes32 hash; uint256 commitTimestamp; bool revealed; } uint256 public commitTimeout = 1 days; // 1-day timeout for commits mapping(address => Commit) public commits; event CommitMade(address indexed user, bytes32 hash); event CommitRevealed(address indexed user); function commit(bytes32 _hash) external { bytes32 userHash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(msg.sender, _hash)); commits[msg.sender] = Commit(userHash, block.timestamp, false); emit CommitMade(msg.sender, userHash); } function reveal(string memory _secret) external { Commit storage userCommit = commits[msg.sender]; // Renamed to 'userCommit' require(!userCommit.revealed, "Already revealed"); require(block.timestamp <= userCommit.commitTimestamp + commitTimeout, "Commit expired"); require(userCommit.hash == keccak256(abi.encodePacked(msg.sender, _secret)), "Invalid secret"); delete commits[msg.sender]; // Deletes the commit to save gas emit CommitRevealed(msg.sender); // Process the transaction } } Understanding Front-Running in DeFiFront-running is a significant concern on decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. This malicious activity occurs when an attacker intercepts and executes a transaction ahead of a legitimate one, profiting from insider knowledge of pending transactions. Such actions undermine trust in DeFi systems and harm their integrity.Because blockchain networks provide transparency—making pending transactions visible to all—attackers can reorder transactions to their advantage.Example:A user's large buy order might be front-run by an attacker who places their own order first, driving up the asset price and then selling at a profit after the user's transaction executes.Also, You may like: How to Build a Grid Trading Bot – A Step-by-Step GuideThe Role of MEV in DeFi VulnerabilitiesMiner Extractable Value (MEV) is the maximum value that miners or validators can extract from transaction ordering within a block. MEV plays a significant role in enabling front-running attacks. While validators can reorder, include, or exclude transactions for personal gain, attackers use bots to scan the mempool and identify profitable transactions.The rise of MEV has led to competitive bot activity, intensifying the risks associated with front-running and creating a hostile environment that erodes trust in DeFi protocols. Addressing MEV is crucial for maintaining a fair and transparent ecosystem.Also, Explore: Crypto Copy Trading – What You Need to KnowMEV Protection Strategies for DeFi Smart ContractsDevelopers have implemented various strategies to safeguard smart contracts and combat front-running and MEV exploitation:Transaction PrivacyShield transaction details from public view until confirmation, reducing the risk of manipulation.Private TransactionsUse private mempools or protocols (e.g., Flashbots) to keep transaction data confidential.Commit-Reveal SchemesConceal transaction details until execution by using cryptographic techniques.Fair Ordering MechanismsImplement solutions that ensure fairness in transaction processing.First-In-First-Out ProcessingProcess transactions in the order they are received.Randomized OrderingAdd randomness to transaction sequencing to deter attackers.Dynamic Pricing ModelsAdjust transaction fees dynamically to discourage front-running.Fee RebatesOffer fee rebates to users negatively affected by front-running.Auction-Based SystemsAllow users to bid for transaction inclusion based on fairness criteria.Decentralized Consensus MechanismsStrengthen network security through decentralized validation processes. For example, Proof-of-Stake (PoS) relies on a decentralized set of validators to confirm transactions.Optimistic RollupsUse scaling solutions that enhance security and reduce front-running risks.Also, You may like: How to Build a Crypto Portfolio TrackerEnhancing Protocol-Level SecurityBeyond smart contract modifications, protocol-level enhancements can mitigate front-running and MEV challenges:Multi-Layered EncryptionEncrypt transaction data at various stages to obscure sensitive information.Batching TransactionsGroup multiple transactions together to mask individual transaction details.Delayed Transaction DisclosureIntroduce time delays before publicly revealing transaction data.Building User Awareness and ToolsEducating users about front-running risks and providing tools to safeguard their transactions are vital. Users should:Opt for wallets and platforms that support private transactions.Use decentralized exchanges (DEXs) with built-in MEV protection features.Stay informed about emerging threats and solutions in the DeFi space.Case Studies: Successful Implementation of MEV ProtectionSeveral DeFi protocols have successfully implemented MEV protection measures:Balancer: Introduced features like Flash Loans to mitigate price manipulation and front-running risks.Uniswap v3: Enhanced transaction efficiency with concentrated liquidity, reducing MEV opportunities.Flashbots: Provided an open-source solution for private transaction relays, reducing MEV exploitation.Discover more: How to Develop a Crypto Swap Aggregator PlatformThe Future of MEV Protection in DeFiAs DeFi evolves, addressing MEV and front-running remains a top priority. Future innovations could include:Advanced Cryptographic TechniquesEmploy zero-knowledge proofs and homomorphic encryption for enhanced privacy.Cross-Layer SolutionsIntegrate MEV protection across multiple blockchain layers for holistic security.Collaborative EcosystemsFoster collaboration between developers, researchers, and stakeholders to tackle MEV challenges collectively.Also, Check: Crypto Staking Platform Development – A Step-by-Step GuideConclusionFront-running and MEV exploitation pose significant threats to the integrity of DeFi systems. By adopting robust strategies and fostering a secure ecosystem, both developers and users can mitigate these risks. Continuous innovation—coupled with proactive education and collaboration—will help ensure a fair and transparent future for decentralized finance. If you are looking to leverage blockchain technology to build your DeFi project, consider connecting with our skilled crypto developers.This revised version corrects technical and grammatical issues while preserving the original content and structure.

Technology: OAUTH , COINBASE API more Category: Blockchain

Shubham Dubey

24 Dec 2024

Build a Secure Smart Contract Using zk-SNARKs in Solidity Transaction details can be made visible only to the involved parties and not to the public by utilizing privacy-preserving technologies. Through the use of zk-SNARKs (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge), we can implement transformations on existing applications on Ethereum using smart contract development.Ethereum's Merkle Tree, or the blockchain chain approach of Bitcoin, introduced an improved proof-of-work mechanism along with Gas and smart contracts. With these smart contracts, we can now run trusted code on the blockchain, allowing parameters to be passed into and out of functions hosted on the public ledger.However, this code can be viewed by anyone reviewing the contract, along with the values used. Therefore, we need methods to preserve the privacy of the data and code used. This is where zk-SNARKs come into play. They allow us to prove assertions without revealing the underlying values. For example, a student named Peggy might be tasked with proving certain knowledge without disclosing the actual information.Explore | Multi-Level Staking Smart Contract on Ethereum with SolidityWhat Are zk-SNARKs?zk-SNARKs are a form of zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), a cryptographic method that enables one party to prove to another party that they know a specific piece of information without revealing the information itself. The term "succinct" refers to the fact that the proof is very short, even for complex computations, and "non-interactive" means the proof can be verified in a single step without further communication between the prover and verifier.These features make zk-SNARKs particularly useful in blockchain environments, where transactions need to be verified efficiently without compromising user privacy. For instance, zk-SNARKs are at the core of privacy-focused cryptocurrencies like Zcash, where transaction details are shielded from the public but still verifiable by the network.The Need for Privacy in Smart ContractsSmart contracts on public blockchains are inherently transparent, meaning all information—including balances, transactions, or contract states—is visible to anyone with access to the blockchain. While this transparency is an essential feature for security and auditing, it can pose significant privacy risks for users. Sensitive data, such as financial transactions or personal information, may be exposed.To address these privacy concerns, zk-SNARKs allow the creation of smart contracts where sensitive information can be kept private. For example, zk-SNARKs can prove that a user has sufficient funds for a transaction without revealing the exact amount of funds or the sender's identity.Also, Explore | How to Implement a Merkle Tree for Secure Data VerificationHow zk-SNARKs Work in Theoryzk-SNARKs rely on the mathematical concepts of elliptic curve cryptography and pairings. The fundamental idea is that the prover generates a proof that they know a certain piece of data (e.g., a private key or a specific input to a computation) without revealing the data itself. The proof can be verified by the verifier using public information such as the elliptic curve parameters and a commitment to the data, but without needing to see the data.The succinctness of zk-SNARKs ensures the proof is small and can be verified quickly. This is crucial for blockchain environments where computational efficiency is essential.Implementing zk-SNARKs in SolidityWhile zk-SNARKs provide a cryptographic foundation for privacy-preserving computations, implementing them in Solidity requires several steps. Solidity, Ethereum's native language, is not designed to directly support zk-SNARKs, so developers often rely on specialized libraries and tools to integrate zk-SNARKs into smart contracts.Required ToolsZoKrates: A toolkit for zk-SNARKs that allows developers to write, test, and deploy zk-SNARK-based smart contracts in Solidity.snarkjs: A JavaScript library that works with zk-SNARKs, commonly used to generate proofs and verify them in the browser or through Node.js.Step 1: Setting Up ZoKratesZoKrates provides an easy-to-use environment for zk-SNARKs. First, you'll need to install ZoKrates and set up your working environment. After installation, you can write a program that computes a function and generates a proof that the computation is correct.For example, you might write a simple program that proves knowledge of a valid private key corresponding to a public address without revealing the private key itself.Step 2: Writing the zk-SNARK CircuitIn zk-SNARK terms, a circuit represents the computation you want to prove. ZoKrates provides a domain-specific language to define this circuit. For instance, if you're building a privacy-preserving payment system, the circuit could prove that the sender has enough funds to complete a transaction without revealing the amount or the sender's balance.// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.0; contract QuadraticEquation { uint256 constant SCALE = 1e18; function checkEquation( int256 a, int256 b, int256 c, int256 x, int256 y ) public pure returns (bool) { // Compute y1 = a*x*x + b*x + c using scaled values int256 xScaled = x * SCALE; // Scale x int256 y1Scaled = (a * xScaled * xScaled) / (SCALE * SCALE) + (b * xScaled) / SCALE + c * SCALE; int256 yScaled = y * SCALE; return yScaled == y1Scaled; } }In this example, a, b, and c are private to the smart contract, and the function returns true if the y the value supplied is correct, and false otherwise.Step 3: Generating Keys and VerificationZoKrates generates a proving key and a verification key. The verifyTx() function in Solidity makes the smart contract accessible externally: // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.0; contract TransactionVerifier { struct Proof { } function verify(uint256[] memory inputValues, Proof memory proof) public pure returns (uint256) { return 0; } function verifyTx(Proof memory proof, uint256[4] memory input) public pure returns (bool) { uint256[] memory inputValues = new uint256[](input.length); for (uint256 i = 0; i < input.length; i++) { inputValues[i] = input[i]; } if (verify(inputValues, proof) == 0) { return true; } return false; } }DeploymentCompile the contract using the Solidity compiler, then upload the smart contract code to a test network. For this, link Remix to your wallet on the Ropsten test network. Once deployed, you will receive a transaction hash confirming the contract's creation at a specific address.You can now verify or publish the contract, which requires the code used to create it.Check Out | Smart Contract Upgradability | Proxy Patterns in SolidityConclusionzk-SNARKs represent a revolutionary step in merging privacy with blockchain transparency. By integrating zk-SNARKs into Solidity smart contracts, developers can design applications that meet diverse privacy requirements without compromising trust. While challenges such as high gas costs and the need for trusted setups persist, ongoing innovations in Ethereum and zk-proof systems promise to mitigate these issues. From anonymous voting to private financial transactions, the potential applications are vast. Hire our smart contract developers today.

Technology: SOLIDITY , RUST more Category: Blockchain

Shubham Dubey

29 Nov 2024

Build a Crypto Payment Gateway Using Solana Pay and React Accepting cryptocurrency payments is becoming increasingly popular for businesses, and Solana Pay makes it fast, secure, and affordable. Whether you're building a payment gateway or exploring DeFi development services, this dev blog guide will show you how to create your own crypto payment gateway using React and Solana Pay.Explore | A Guide to Meme Coin Development on SolanaWhat is Solana Pay?Solana Pay is a payment protocol that allows businesses to accept cryptocurrency directly from customers. It's:Fast: Transactions are completed in seconds.Affordable: Almost zero transaction fees.Easy to Integrate: With ready-made tools and SDKs, it's developer-friendly.PrerequisitesBefore we get started, ensure you have:A Solana Wallet, such as Phantom.Node.js and npm installed.Basic knowledge of React and JavaScript.Also Read | Distinctive Features for Solana Wallet DevelopmentStep 1: Set Up Your ProjectCreate a React app:npx create-react-app solana-pay-gateway cd solana-pay-gateway Install necessary libraries:npm install @solana/web3.js @solana/pay @solana/wallet-adapter-react @solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets This installs tools for connecting to Solana and managing wallets.Step 2: Add Wallet ConnectionTo accept payments, users need to connect their Solana wallet.Import the wallet libraries in App.js:import { ConnectionProvider, WalletProvider, WalletModalProvider, } from "@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui"; import { PhantomWalletAdapter } from "@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets"; Set up the wallet connection:const wallets = [new PhantomWalletAdapter()]; function App() { return ( <ConnectionProvider endpoint="https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com"> <WalletProvider wallets={wallets}> <WalletModalProvider> <div className="App"> <h1>Solana Pay Gateway</h1> <WalletConnectButton /> </div> </WalletModalProvider> </WalletProvider> </ConnectionProvider> ); } export default App; This adds a Connect Wallet button to your app. When clicked, users can link their Phantom wallet to the app.Step 3: Generate a Payment RequestNext, we'll generate a payment link or QR code that customers can use to pay.Import Solana Pay tools in App.js:import { createQR, encodeURL } from "@solana/pay"; import { Keypair, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js"; import BigNumber from "bignumber.js"; // Install with `npm install bignumber.js` Create a function to generate a payment request:const generatePaymentRequest = () => { const recipient = new PublicKey("Your-Solana-Wallet-Address"); // Replace with your address const amount = new BigNumber(1); // Payment amount in SOL const reference = Keypair.generate().publicKey; const paymentURL = encodeURL({ recipient, amount, reference, label: "Your Business Name", message: "Thank you for your payment!", }); const qrCode = createQR(paymentURL, { size: 256 }); qrCode.append(document.getElementById("qr-code-container")); }; Add a button and a container for the QR code in your app:<button onClick={generatePaymentRequest}>Generate Payment QR Code</button> <div id="qr-code-container"></div> When the button is clicked, it generates a QR code customers can scan to pay in SOL.Explore | Compressed NFTs (cNFTs) | Solana's Cost-Effective NFT standardStep 4: Confirm PaymentsAfter a payment is made, you'll want to verify it on the blockchain.Set up a connection to Solana:import { Connection } from "@solana/web3.js"; const connection = new Connection("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com"); Create a function to check for a payment:const checkPaymentStatus = async (reference) => { const signatureInfo = await connection.getSignaturesForAddress(reference); if (signatureInfo.length > 0) { alert("Payment received!"); } else { alert("Payment not found. Please try again."); } }; Call this function with the payment reference key after generating the QR code.Step 5: Test Your AppStart the app:npm start Connect your Phantom wallet using the Connect Wallet button.Click the Generate Payment QR Code button.Scan the QR code with your wallet and complete a test payment.Verify the payment by calling checkPaymentStatus.Also, Check | DeFi in Real Estate | Exploring New Horizons and PotentialsConclusionSolana Pay is revolutionizing crypto payments by making them fast, affordable, and easy to integrate. Whether you're a developer or a business owner, building a payment gateway with Solana Pay opens doors to the Web3 economy. Need Help with Your Project?Looking to build advanced blockchain applications or integrate Solana Pay? Our expert crypto developers can help you create seamless and secure payment gateways tailored to your business needs. Contact us today to bring your Web3 vision to life!

Technology: RUST , NO SQL/MONGODB more Category: Blockchain

Akash Bhardwaj

28 Nov 2024

Create DeFi Index Fund with Custom ERC-4626 Tokenized Vaults Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has redefined investment strategies, bringing innovative tools to democratize financial access. Among these tools is the ERC-4626 tokenized vault standard, a robust framework for creating DeFi index funds. This blog explores designing and implementing a DeFi index fund with custom ERC-4626 tokenized vaults. For more related to DeFi, explore our DeFi Development Services.Also, Check | ERC-1155 | An Introduction to Multi Token Standard DevelopmentWhat is an ERC-4626 Tokenized Vault?ERC-4626 is a tokenized vault standard on Ethereum that simplifies yield-bearing token contracts. It promotes interoperability within the DeFi ecosystem by standardizing vault functionalities across protocols. With ERC-4626, you can pool assets, generate yield, and issue vault tokens to investors, symbolizing their share of the underlying assets.Designing a DeFi Index FundIn traditional finance, an index fund tracks the performance of a specific set of assets. Similarly, in DeFi, index funds pool multiple tokens into a single fund, offering diversified exposure to various cryptocurrencies or DeFi projects. ERC-4626 vaults make building and managing these funds seamless.Also, Read | Tokenization of RWA (Real-World Assets): A Comprehensive GuideKey ConsiderationsAsset SelectionSelect assets that align with the fund's objectives, whether top-performing tokens, stablecoins, or niche DeFi tokens. Ensure the assets meet the criteria for liquidity, volatility, and growth potential.Rebalancing StrategyEstablish rules for maintaining the desired asset allocation. Periodic rebalancing allows the fund to adapt to market changes while mitigating risks.Fee StructuresDefine transparent fees for deposits, withdrawals, and fund management. These fees incentivize participation and cover operational costs.Security and AuditsPerform rigorous testing and auditing of smart contracts to ensure the security of investors' funds.Explore more | Unexplored ERC Token Standards On EthereumHow ERC-4626 Enables Index FundsTokenized SharesWhen users deposit assets into the index fund, they receive ERC-4626 vault tokens proportional to their share of the pooled assets. These tokens signify ownership and allow users to track their holdings.Yield GenerationThe vault integrates with DeFi protocols to generate yield on deposited assets. For example, a portion of the fund might be staked in lending protocols like Aave or Compound.Automated RebalancingSmart contracts automate asset rebalancing, minimizing human intervention and maintaining alignment with the fund's strategy.TransparencyERC-4626 enhances investor trust by providing clear methods for calculating deposit and withdrawal values.Discover More | ERC-20 Token Standard | Development EssentialsExample Workflow for an ERC-4626 Vault-Based Index FundDepositing AssetsUsers deposit Ethereum (ETH) or other accepted tokens into the vault. The smart contract mints vault tokens based on the current fund valuation, representing their share of the pool.Rebalancing and YieldThe vault periodically redistributes assets following predefined allocation rules. Simultaneously, yield-generating strategies accumulate rewards for the pool.Withdrawing FundsWhen users exit the fund, they burn their vault tokens. The smart contract calculates their proportional share of the assets and transfers it to them.CODE :- -> 'Vault_ERC_4626.sol' // SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only pragma solidity >=0.8.0; import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"; import {SafeTransferLib} from "../utils/safeTransferLib.sol"; import {FixedPointMathLib} from "../utils/fixedPointMathLib.sol"; abstract contract ERC4626 is ERC20 { using SafeTransferLib for ERC20; using FixedPointMathLib for uint256; // EVENTS event Deposit(address indexed caller, address indexed owner, uint256 assets, uint256 shares); event Withdraw( address indexed caller, address indexed receiver, address indexed owner, uint256 assets, uint256 shares ); // IMMUTABLES ERC20 public immutable asset; constructor( ERC20 _asset, string memory _name, string memory _symbol ) ERC20(_name, _symbol, _asset.decimals()) { asset = _asset; } // DEPOSIT/WITHDRAWAL LOGIC function deposit(uint256 assets, address receiver) public virtual returns (uint256 shares) { // Check for rounding error since we round down in previewDeposit. require((shares = previewDeposit(assets)) != 0, "ZERO_SHARES"); // Need to transfer before minting or ERC777s could reenter. asset.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), assets); _mint(receiver, shares); emit Deposit(msg.sender, receiver, assets, shares); afterDeposit(assets, shares); } function mint(uint256 shares, address receiver) public virtual returns (uint256 assets) { assets = previewMint(shares); // No need to check for rounding error, previewMint rounds up. // Need to transfer before minting or ERC777s could reenter. asset.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), assets); _mint(receiver, shares); emit Deposit(msg.sender, receiver, assets, shares); afterDeposit(assets, shares); } function withdraw( uint256 assets, address receiver, address owner ) public virtual returns (uint256 shares) { shares = previewWithdraw(assets); // No need to check for rounding error, previewWithdraw rounds up. if (msg.sender != owner) { uint256 allowed = allowance[owner][msg.sender]; // Saves gas for limited approvals. if (allowed != type(uint256).max) allowance[owner][msg.sender] = allowed - shares; } beforeWithdraw(assets, shares); _burn(owner, shares); emit Withdraw(msg.sender, receiver, owner, assets, shares); asset.safeTransfer(receiver, assets); } function redeem( uint256 shares, address receiver, address owner ) public virtual returns (uint256 assets) { if (msg.sender != owner) { uint256 allowed = allowance[owner][msg.sender]; // Saves gas for limited approvals. if (allowed != type(uint256).max) allowance[owner][msg.sender] = allowed - shares; } // Check for rounding error since we round down in previewRedeem. require((assets = previewRedeem(shares)) != 0, "ZERO_ASSETS"); beforeWithdraw(assets, shares); _burn(owner, shares); emit Withdraw(msg.sender, receiver, owner, assets, shares); asset.safeTransfer(receiver, assets); } // ACCOUNTING LOGIC function totalAssets() public view virtual returns (uint256); function convertToShares(uint256 assets) public view virtual returns (uint256) { uint256 supply = totalSupply; // Saves an extra SLOAD if totalSupply is non-zero. return supply == 0 ? assets : assets.mulDivDown(supply, totalAssets()); } function convertToAssets(uint256 shares) public view virtual returns (uint256) { uint256 supply = totalSupply; // Saves an extra SLOAD if totalSupply is non-zero. return supply == 0 ? shares : shares.mulDivDown(totalAssets(), supply); } function previewDeposit(uint256 assets) public view virtual returns (uint256) { return convertToShares(assets); } function previewMint(uint256 shares) public view virtual returns (uint256) { uint256 supply = totalSupply; // Saves an extra SLOAD if totalSupply is non-zero. return supply == 0 ? shares : shares.mulDivUp(totalAssets(), supply); } function previewWithdraw(uint256 assets) public view virtual returns (uint256) { uint256 supply = totalSupply; // Saves an extra SLOAD if totalSupply is non-zero. return supply == 0 ? assets : assets.mulDivUp(supply, totalAssets()); } function previewRedeem(uint256 shares) public view virtual returns (uint256) { return convertToAssets(shares); } // DEPOSIT/WITHDRAWAL LIMIT LOGIC function maxDeposit(address) public view virtual returns (uint256) { return type(uint256).max; } function maxMint(address) public view virtual returns (uint256) { return type(uint256).max; } function maxWithdraw(address owner) public view virtual returns (uint256) { return convertToAssets(balanceOf[owner]); } function maxRedeem(address owner) public view virtual returns (uint256) { return balanceOf[owner]; } // INTERNAL HOOKS LOGIC function beforeWithdraw(uint256 assets, uint256 shares) internal virtual {} function afterDeposit(uint256 assets, uint256 shares) internal virtual {} }Advantages of Using ERC-4626 in DeFi Index FundsStandardizationERC-4626 ensures compatibility with DeFi protocols, streamlining integration and scalability.Enhanced EfficiencyTokenized vaults optimize operations through automation and yield generation.User AccessibilityInvestors can easily participate by depositing assets and holding vault tokens, simplifying the process.You may also like | Understanding ERC-404 | The Unofficial Token StandardWrapping Up – The Future of ERC-4626Building a DeFi index fund with ERC-4626 tokenized vaults represents a breakthrough in decentralizing investments. This standard provides a robust framework for secure, efficient, and yield-focused financial products.The adoption of ERC-4626 addresses inefficiencies in DeFi while prioritizing security and composability. As DeFi evolves, ERC-4626 could become the foundation for innovative financial solutions, empowering developers and investors alike. Whether you're building an index fund or other DeFi applications, ERC-4626 paves the way for a more connected and efficient decentralized financial ecosystem. If you're looking to create your own DeFi index fund or need expert guidance on DeFi development, connect with our expert blockchain developers today.

Technology: Blockchain , Node Js more Category: Blockchain

Aditya Sharma

28 Nov 2024

How to Build Automated Market Maker (AMM) Logic in Solidity Automated Market Maker (AMM) model sits at the heart of crypto exchange transformation, a fundamental innovation powering many centralized crypto exchange platforms and decentralized exchanges (DEXs). It is a protocol, integrated using crypto exchange development, that allows cryptocurrency trading without using traditional order books. Instead of matching buy and sell orders, AMMs rely on liquidity pools that use mathematical formulas to determine prices. Users can trade directly with the pool, and prices are adjusted based on supply and demand within the pool.Explore | An Exhaustive Introduction to Automated Market Makers (AMM)Steps to Implement AMM Logic in Solidity1. Setting up the Development EnvironmentInstall Node.js: Node.js is required for running the necessary scripts and tools.Install Hardhat: Hardhat is a development framework for building and testing smart contracts. Install it by running the following command:Create a Hardhat Project: Initialize a new Hardhat project by running: npx hardhat init2. Create the ContractInside the contracts directory, create a new file named Amm.sol. This Solidity file will hold our Amm logic.3. Implement the ContractProgram : // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.27; contract TokenV2SwapAmm{ address private constant UNISWAPV2ROUTER = 0x7a250d5630B4cF539739dF2C5dAcb4c659F2488D; address private constant WETH_TOKEN = 0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2; address private constant DAI_TOKEN = 0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F; address constant USDC_TOKEN = 0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48; IUniswapV2Router private myrouter = IUniswapV2Router(UNISWAPV2ROUTER); IERC20 private weth_token = IERC20(WETH_TOKEN); IERC20 private dai_token = IERC20(DAI_TOKEN); // Swap WETH_TOKEN to DAI_TOKEN function swapSingleHopExactAmountIn(uint256 amount_In, uint256 amount_OutMin) external returns (uint256 amountOut) { weth_token.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount_In); weth_token.approve(address(myrouter), amount_In); address[] memory route; route = new address[](2); route[0] = WETH_TOKEN; route[1] = DAI_TOKEN; uint256[] memory amounts = myrouter.swapExactTokensForTokens( amount_In, amount_OutMin, route, msg.sender, block.timestamp ); // amounts[0] = WETH_TOKEN amount, amounts[1] = DAI_TOKEN amount return amounts[1]; } // Swap DAI_TOKEN -> WETH_TOKEN -> USDC_TOKEN function swapMultiHopExactAmountIn(uint256 amount_In, uint256 amount_OutMin) external returns (uint256 amountOut) { dai_token.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount_In); dai_token.approve(address(myrouter), amount_In); address[] memory route; route = new address[](3); route[0] = DAI_TOKEN; route[1] = WETH_TOKEN; route[2] = USDC_TOKEN; uint256[] memory amounts = myrouter.swapExactTokensForTokens( amount_In, amount_OutMin, route, msg.sender, block.timestamp ); // amounts[0] = DAI_TOKEN amount // amounts[1] = WETH_TOKEN amount // amounts[2] = USDC_TOKEN amount return amounts[2]; } // Swap WETH_TOKEN to DAI_TOKEN function swapSingleHopExactAmountOut( uint256 amountOutRequired, uint256 amounttInMaxreq ) external returns (uint256 amountOut) { weth_token.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amounttInMaxreq); weth_token.approve(address(myrouter), amounttInMaxreq); address[] memory route; route = new address[](2); route[0] = WETH_TOKEN; route[1] = DAI_TOKEN; uint256[] memory amounts = myrouter.swapTokensForExactTokens( amountOutRequired, amounttInMaxreq, route, msg.sender, block.timestamp ); // Refund WETH_TOKEN to msg.sender if (amounts[0] < amounttInMaxreq) { weth_token.transfer(msg.sender, amounttInMaxreq - amounts[0]); } return amounts[1]; } // Swap DAI_TOKEN -> WETH_TOKEN -> USDC_TOKEN function swapMultiHopExactAmountOut( uint256 amountOutRequired, uint256 amounttInMaxreq ) external returns (uint256 amountOut) { dai_token.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amounttInMaxreq); dai_token.approve(address(myrouter), amounttInMaxreq); address[] memory route; route = new address[](3); route[0] = DAI_TOKEN; route[1] = WETH_TOKEN; route[2] = USDC_TOKEN; uint256[] memory amounts = myrouter.swapTokensForExactTokens( amountOutRequired, amounttInMaxreq, route, msg.sender, block.timestamp ); // Refund DAI_TOKEN to msg.sender if (amounts[0] < amounttInMaxreq) { dai_token.transfer(msg.sender, amounttInMaxreq - amounts[0]); } return amounts[2]; } } interface IUniswapV2Router { function swapExactTokensForTokens( uint256 amount_In, uint256 amount_OutMin, address[] calldata route, address to, uint256 deadline ) external returns (uint256[] memory amounts); function swapTokensForExactTokens( uint256 amountOut, uint256 amounttInMaxreq, address[] calldata route, address to, uint256 deadline ) external returns (uint256[] memory amounts); } interface IERC20 { function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256); function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256); function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool); function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256); function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool); function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool); } interface IWETH_TOKEN is IERC20 { function deposit() external payable; function withdraw(uint256 amount) external; }Create the ContractInside the contracts directory, create a new file named Amm.sol. This Solidity file will contain the AMM logic for token swaps.Implement the AMM Logic in SolidityThe following code snippet implements the AMM logic for token swaps using Uniswap's V2 router. async function main() { const Ammswap = await ethers.getContractFactory('TokenV2SwapAmm'); const swap = await Ammswap.deploy(); await swap.deployed(); console.log('Amm logic deployed to:', swap.address); } main().catch((error) => { console.error(error); process.exitCode = 1; }); Testing the Contract1. Write Tests: - In the test directory, create a new file for the tests.- Use Hardhat's testing framework to write tests for your contract.2. Run Tests: npx hardhat test Also, Explore | Identifying Smart Contract Orchestration Patterns in SolidityConclusionCongratulations on implementing Automated Market Maker (AMM) Logic in Solidity and deploying your contract on Ethereum.Ready to take your decentralized Amm swap system to the next level? Contact our expert blockchain developers at Oodles to transform your vision into a robust, feature-rich solution tailored to your specific needs. Let's innovate together and redefine the future of Amm swap.

Technology: SOLIDITY , HTML,CSS more Category: Blockchain

Krishan Chand

28 Nov 2024

KYC and KYT Explained: Safeguarding Crypto Platforms With the rapid expansion of the cryptocurrency industry, maintaining trust and security requires businesses and users to focus on regulatory compliance as a top priority.Know Your Customer (KYC) andKnow Your Transaction (KYT) are two key pillars of the crypto compliance ecosystem. KYC verifies user identities, while KYT monitors transaction activities to prevent illicit activities. For businesses, implementing robust KYC and KYT practices using DeFi development services is crucial to ensure compliance, mitigate risks, and maintain the integrity of their platforms.This blog explores how KYC and KYT function in the crypto space and their synergy. It also highlights the advantages they bring to businesses navigating the complex regulatory landscape of the crypto world.Explore |Blockchain for KYC | A Solution to Eradicating InefficienciesWhat is KYC in Crypto ComplianceKYC, or Know Your Customer, originates from financial regulations designed to identify and prevent criminal activities. Its foundation dates back to theU.S. Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, which mandated financial institutions to maintain detailed records for detecting and curbing money laundering and fraud. This legislation marked a pivotal moment in the evolution of KYC protocols. Another significant influence on KYC comes from theFinancial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations. These globally recognized guidelines set the standard for anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorist financing (CTF). FATF specifically emphasizes monitoring crypto asset activities and ensuring compliance among their service providers, providing a framework for robust regulatory practices.Know Your Customer (KYC) is a process through which cryptocurrency platforms (such as exchanges, wallet providers, and other virtual asset service providers or VASPs) verify the identity of their users to ensure they are legitimate and not engaging in illicit activities. KYC is a requirement mandated by global regulations, including Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) laws.The anonymous and decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies makes them attractive to fraudsters for activities like money laundering and other illegal purposes. KYC plays a crucial role here by helpingvirtual asset service providers (VASPs) verify the identities of their users. This not only prevents misuse but also maintains the integrity and credibility of the crypto ecosystem.Also, Read |Solving the Issues of the Current Centralized System of KYC with BlockchainHow Does KYC Work in Crypto?Here's how KYC works in crypto:User RegistrationThe process starts when a user registers on a cryptocurrency platform like an exchange, wallet provider, or DeFi protocol requiring KYC. Users must provide personal information such as:NameDate of BirthEmail AddressPhone NumberIdentity VerificationTo confirm the user's identity, the platform requires official identification documents. These commonly include:Government-issued ID (e.g., passport, driver's license)Proof of address (e.g., utility bills, bank statements)Selfie verification (to match with ID)Platforms often use AI-powered tools or third-party KYC service providers to automate this verification step.Document AuthenticationThe submitted documents are authenticated for legitimacy. This involves:Checking for forgery or tamperingValidating the ID number against government databasesVerifying that the selfie matches the photo IDRisk AssessmentPlatforms often perform a risk assessment to ensure users aren't flagged in a financial crime or sanction lists. They may check:Anti-Money Laundering (AML) databasesPolitically Exposed Person (PEP) listsSanction databases (e.g., OFAC)Approval or RejectionOnce verification is complete, the platform either approves the user for access or rejects the application if inconsistencies or fraudulent activity are detected.Also, Read |Is Blockchain the Right Underlying Technology for Digital KYC verificationWhat is KYT in Crypto ComplianceAt some point, it became evident that focusing solely on verifying the identities of the parties involved was insufficient.While KYC primarily emphasizes confirming customer identities at the beginning of a business relationship, its scope becomes limited after this initial verification. It offers little visibility into ongoing activities, leaving room for deviations from typical transaction patterns to go undetected over time. This is where the Know Your Transaction (KYT) approach introduces a new dimension to financial oversight. KYT shifts the focus to understanding the nature and intent of transactions.Know Your Transaction (KYT) complements Know Your Customer (KYC) by focusing on the continuous monitoring of transactions for any unusual or suspicious activity. While KYC is a one-time process that verifies the identity of users, KYT is an ongoing procedure that ensures the legitimacy of transactions in real-time.How Does KYT Work in Crypto?KYT (Know Your Transaction) is a crucial tool used by crypto exchanges, financial institutions, and other companies to detect suspicious activities and prevent fraud. Here's how it works:Transaction MonitoringKYT systems track transactions, identifying unusual behavior like large or frequent transfers that may indicate fraud.Risk ScoringEach transaction is given a risk score based on factors like the amount and destination. High-risk transactions are flagged for further review.Real-Time AlertsKYT automatically triggers alerts when transactions meet specific risk criteria, allowing quick action to prevent potential fraud.In crypto, KYT helps ensure the legitimacy of transactions in real-time, reducing the risk of illegal activities on the platform.Also Read |Blockchain and KYC: The Next Disruptive Step in DecentralizationWhy KYC and KYT Must Work TogetherWhile KYC and KYT serve distinct purposes, they achieve maximum effectiveness when implemented together. KYC verifies user identities at the outset and ensures only legitimate users interact with the platform. KYT maintains continuous oversight of user activities after onboarding. KYT monitors transaction behaviors in real-time to detect fraudulent activities, such as money laundering or illegal funding, before they cause harm.KYC and KYT together build a robust compliance framework that protects platforms, users, and the crypto ecosystem. KYC confirms the legitimacy of users, while KYT ensures the legitimacy of transactions.Also, Read |Digitizing AML/KYC Compliance with BlockchainBusiness Benefits of Implementing KYC and KYTImplementing both KYC and KYT processes brings numerous benefits to businesses in the crypto space:Regulatory ComplianceBoth KYC and KYT are necessary to comply with international anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorism financing (CTF) laws. This helps crypto businesses avoid penalties and maintain their licenses to operate.Fraud PreventionWith KYC and KYT, businesses can minimize the risk of fraud by identifying illicit actors during user onboarding and detecting suspicious transactions in real-time.Enhanced TrustBy demonstrating a commitment to compliance and security, businesses can build trust with users and investors. This trust is essential for long-term success and reputation in the competitive crypto market.Better Risk ManagementCombining KYC and KYT provides a comprehensive approach to risk management. KYC helps mitigate the risk of onboarding bad actors, while KYT enables businesses to manage risks as they arise in real-time.The Future of KYC and KYT in the Crypto SpaceThe growth of the cryptocurrency industry demands increasingly sophisticated compliance systems like KYC and KYT. Businesses are adopting advanced AI-driven technologies to enhance identity verification and transaction monitoring, ensuring robust security while delivering a seamless user experience. Incorporating blockchain into KYC and KYT processes is improving transparency and making these systems tamper-resistant, further strengthening their effectiveness.The global push for stricter crypto regulations is prompting businesses to implement more rigorous compliance measures. KYC and KYT are taking center stage in this shift, providing the tools necessary to ensure compliance, detect fraud, and maintain the integrity of the crypto ecosystem as regulatory frameworks evolve.Also, Explore |The Rise of Crypto Derivatives Exchange DevelopmentConclusionKYC and KYT are essential components of the crypto compliance ecosystem. While KYC ensures that only legitimate users interact with crypto platforms, KYT provides the ongoing monitoring necessary to prevent illicit activities in real time. Together, they create a comprehensive approach to crypto compliance, enabling businesses to protect their platforms, users, and the broader blockchain ecosystem.Looking to develop a regulatory-compliant crypto solution? Let Oodles Blockchain handle the complexities of development while you focus on your vision. Our team ofcrypto developers ensures your project meets all compliance standards and stays ahead of the regulatory curve. Check out this article to explore the challenges of navigating the crypto regulatory landscape, and discover how we make it easier for you!

Technology: ETHERJS , ETHEREUM (ETH) more Category: Blockchain

Saumya Srivastava

27 Nov 2024

Integrating Web3 Authentication into a Next.js Application After web1 and web2, Web3 development is now transforming how users interact with applications by leveraging blockchain technology for authentication and identity management. Integrating Web3 authentication into a Next.js application allows users to log in securely without traditional passwords, relying instead on their crypto wallets, such as MetaMask. This guide walks through the process of integrating Web3 authentication step by step.Also, Check | Embracing Web3 and Metaverse: The Next Digital RevolutionPrerequisitesFamiliarity withNext.js and React.A basic understanding ofEthereum wallets like MetaMask.Node.js installed (preferably v20 or later).An active Ethereum wallet for testing.Explore | Develop a Multi-Token Crypto Wallet for Ethereum with Web3.jsIntegrating Web3 Authentication into a Next.js ApplicationSetting Up a Next.js ApplicationBegin by creating a new Next.js project:npx create-next-app@latest web3-auth-nextjs cd web3-auth-nextjs npm install ethersHere, we use theethers library to interact with Ethereum wallets.Step 1: Adding Wallet Connection LogicCreate a utility for connecting to a wallet. In yourutils folder, add a file namedweb3.js:// utils/web3.js import {ethers }from'ethers'; exportconstconnectWallet=async ()=> { try { if (!window.ethereum) { thrownewError("MetaMask is not installed"); } constprovider=newethers.BrowserProvider(window.ethereum); awaitwindow.ethereum.request({method:'eth_requestAccounts' }); constaccounts=awaitprovider.listAccounts(); constsigner=awaitprovider.getSigner(); if (accounts.length===0) { thrownewError("No accounts found. Please connect a wallet."); } return {provider,signer,account:accounts[0] }; }catch (error) { console.error("Error connecting wallet:",error.message); throwerror; } }; exportconstsignMessage=async (signer,message)=> { try { constsignature=awaitsigner.signMessage(message); returnsignature; }catch (error) { console.error("Error signing message:",error.message); throwerror; } };Step 2: Creating a Web3 Context with ZustandTo manage Web3 states like connection status and account information, use Zustand:npm install zustandThen create a context instore/web3Store.js:// store/web3Store.js import {create }from'zustand'; exportconstuseWeb3Store=create((set)=> ({ account:null, setAccount: (account)=>set({account }), }));Step 3: Building the Login ComponentIncomponents/WalletLogin.js, add the following:"use client"; import {connectWallet,signMessage }from"../utils/web3"; import {useWeb3Store }from"../store/web3Store"; import {useState }from"react"; constWalletLogin= ()=> { const [error,setError]=useState(""); const {account,setAccount }=useWeb3Store(); consthandleLogin=async ()=> { try { const {signer,account }=awaitconnectWallet(); constmessage="Authenticate with Web3"; constsignature=awaitsignMessage(signer,message); console.log("Signature:",signature);// For backend validation setAccount(account?.address); }catch (err) { setError(err.message); } }; return ( <div style={{ display:"flex", flexDirection:"column", alignItems:"center", }} > {account ? ( <p>Connected as:{account}</p> ) : ( <button style={{ padding:12, border:"2px solid #d1d5db", }} onClick={handleLogin} > Connect Wallet </button> )} {error &&<pstyle={{color:"red",marginTop:8 }}>{error}</p>} </div> ); }; exportdefaultWalletLogin; Step 4: Adding Authentication to PagesTo use theWalletLogin component, update yourpages/index.js:importWalletLoginfrom"../components/walletLogin"; exportdefaultfunctionHome() { return ( <divstyle={{padding:16 }}> <h1 style={{ fontSize:24, marginBottom:16, textAlign:"center", }} > Web3 Authentication in Next.js </h1> <WalletLogin/> </div> ); }Step 5: Testing the ApplicationRun the app withnpm run dev.Openhttp://localhost:3000 and clickConnect Wallet.After connecting, your Ethereum address should display.Check the console for the signed message. You can use this data to validate the signature on your backend.You may also like | Developing Cross-Platform Crypto Wallet with Web3.js & ReactEnhancementsSecure Messaging: Use a random nonce as the message to prevent replay attacks.Backend Integration: Send the signature and address to a backend API for verification.Styling: Use Tailwind CSS or Chakra UI for a polished UI.ConclusionIntegrating Web3 authentication into a Next.js app provides a modern, secure login experience for users. By leveraging Ethereum wallets like MetaMask, you reduce reliance on traditional passwords, improving both security and user experience. This setup serves as a foundation for building decentralized applications with seamless Web3 authentication.Feel free to enhance this implementation further by adding features like session persistence, multi-wallet support, or custom authentication flows!At Oodles, our team of expert blockchain developers can help you integrate secure Web3 authentication, decentralized finance (DeFi), and other cutting-edge blockchain solutions into your projects. Get in touch with us today to explore how we can help bring your Web3 ideas to life.

Technology: RUST , NO SQL/MONGODB more Category: Blockchain

Devashish Trehan

25 Nov 2024

Crypto Intent Prediction Marketplace Development Guide The cryptocurrency market moves at lightning speed, presenting a dynamic landscape filled with both opportunities and challenges for traders and businesses. Navigating this volatility requires more than intuition. It demands access to reliable insights and predictive analytics. This is where aCrypto intent prediction marketplace development transforms the game.Harnessing real-time data, machine learning, and blockchain, the platform provides actionable insights tailored to users' needs. It empowers traders to anticipate market shifts, make informed decisions, and reduce exposure to unnecessary risks. At the same time, it equips businesses with the tools to capitalize on emerging opportunities, ensuring they stay competitive in a rapidly evolving ecosystem.This blog explains the concept, functionality, and how to develop a crypto intent prediction marketplace with its key features.Suggested Read |Exploring Crypto Arbitrage Trading Bot and DevelopmentUnderstanding Crypto Intent Prediction MarketplaceCrypto intent prediction analyzes data points to forecast market trends and participant behavior. This approach helps traders anticipate market movements and make informed, data-driven decisions. Here are some key data points for prediction:Blockchain ActivityBlockchain activity tracks wallet transactions, staking patterns, and token movements to identify whale activity and market trends.Social Media TrendsSocial media trends use sentiment analysis on Twitter, Reddit, and Telegram to gauge market sentiment.Market MetricsMarket metrics monitor trading volume, price changes, and order book data to detect shifts in market dynamics.Historical DataHistorical data analyzes past trends and patterns to improve predictive accuracy and reliability.Suggested Post |Everything You Need to Know about Crypto Trading BotsMain Features to Implement during Crypto Intent Prediction Marketplace DevelopmentFor a user-friendly crypto intent marketplace development, include these essential features:Real-Time Data InsightsDeliver live data predictions to help users stay ahead of market movements.Customizable AlertsLet users set alerts for changes in trading volume or social media activity for specific tokens.Historical Data AnalysisProvide detailed insights into past trends to help users validate predictions and strategize effectively.Integration with Trading PlatformsConnect with trading platforms like Binance and Coinbase, enabling users to act on predictions without leaving the marketplace.Community and Social FeaturesEnable users to engage through chatrooms, forums, and boards to share insights and collaborate on strategies.Secure Payment and Reward SystemOffer cryptocurrency payments, staking, and reward systems to motivate accurate predictions.Also Read |Everything About Crypto Intent Prediction MarketplacesHow Does a Crypto Intent Prediction Marketplace Work?A crypto intent prediction marketplace operates by using advanced technologies to deliver actionable insights:Data AggregationThe platform gathers data from blockchain explorers, trading platforms, and social media APIs to create a comprehensive dataset.Data ProcessingMachine learning algorithms process data to create actionable predictions and insights.Prediction ModelsThe platform uses NLP for sentiment analysis and LSTM for time-series forecasting to improve accuracy.User InteractionUsers access predictions, set alerts, and engage with the community through an intuitive interface.Revenue GenerationPlatforms earn revenue through subscription tiers, API access, and premium data feeds for institutional clients.You may also like |Ethereum Distributed Validator Technology | DVT for StakingHow to Develop and Launch Your Own Crypto Intent Prediction MarketplaceAfter diving into the features, and core data points for such platforms, let's understand how to develop and launch crypto intent prediction.Step 1: Market Research and PlanningFor a successful crypto intent prediction marketplace development, start by conducting thorough market research. Analyze competitors and user needs to identify gaps that your platform can fill. This ensures your product addresses real market demands. Clearly define your target audience, focusing on their preferences and expectations to tailor the platform's features and functionalities effectively. A solid understanding of the market sets the foundation for a compelling and competitive platform.Step 2: Build Predictive ModelsAccurate predictions require access to high-quality data. Collaborate with reliable data providers or leverage APIs to source real-time, relevant data. Develop robust machine learning algorithms designed to process and analyze this data, delivering precise insights to users. Continuously optimize these models to ensure reliability and accuracy, which are critical for earning user trust and engagement.Step 3: Develop the PlatformDesign a sleek and intuitive user interface using modern frameworks like React or Angular to enhance user experience. For the backend, implement a scalable infrastructure with Django, Flask, or Node.js to handle growing user demand. Integrate blockchain technology seamlessly using tools like Web3.js and Chainlink, ensuring the platform can manage crypto transactions and provide decentralized features effectively.Step 4: Incorporate Core FeaturesEnhance user experience by including essential features such as real-time data feeds and customizable alerts for actionable insights. Integrate a secure payment gateway for seamless transactions and incorporate reward systems to boost user engagement. Foster community interaction with forums and chat features, encouraging collaboration and knowledge sharing among users.Step 5: Monetization StrategiesDevelop multiple revenue streams to maximize profitability. Offer tiered subscription plans that cater to different user needs, providing basic and advanced data access. Additionally, monetize API access for businesses and developers requiring sophisticated integrations. These strategies ensure steady revenue while catering to diverse user segments.Step 6: Ensure Security and ScalabilitySecurity is paramount in a crypto marketplace. Regularly audit smart contracts to maintain transparency and safeguard transactions. Encrypt sensitive user data and implement robust authentication protocols to prevent breaches. Conduct stress tests on the platform to ensure it remains stable and scalable, even under heavy traffic, maintaining reliability for users.Step 7: Marketing and LaunchGenerate excitement for your platform with targeted pre-launch campaigns and social media promotions. Offer beta testing opportunities to gather feedback and refine the product before launch. Build a loyal community by engaging with users on platforms like Discord and Telegram, fostering trust and anticipation. A strategic marketing plan ensures a strong start and sustained growth post-launch.How Our Blockchain Developers Can HelpAtOodles Blockchain, we develop blockchain platforms tailored to your business needs. We handle every stage ofcrypto intent prediction marketplace development, from conceptualization to launch. By combining our blockchain expertise and deep understanding of AI/ML, we ensure a seamless development process for your marketplace, whether you target retail traders or institutional clients.Also Read |Understanding the Impact of AI Crypto Trading BotsConclusionACrypto Intent Prediction Marketplace is a powerful tool for delivering actionable insights to navigate the volatile cryptocurrency market. Developing such a platform requires blockchain technology, machine learning, and user-focused design expertise. By integrating real-time insights, secure payment systems, and collaboration features, you can create a platform that empowers users to make data-driven decisions.Ready to build your marketplace? Contact ourblockchain developers today and let our experts turn your vision into reality!

Technology: CHAINLINK , ETHERJS more Category: Blockchain

Saumya Srivastava

21 Nov 2024

How to Create a Multi-Signature Wallet on Solana using Rust What is a Multi-Signature Wallet?Multi-signature (multi-sig) wallets play a crucial role in enhancing the security and reliability of cryptocurrency transactions. Unlike standard wallets, which rely on a single private key for control, multi-sig wallets require approvals from multiple private keys before a transaction can be authorized. This shared-approval mechanism reduces the risk of a single point of vulnerability, making multi-sig wallets especially valuable for teams, DAOs, and organizations that manage funds collectively. By spreading responsibility across multiple key holders, these wallets ensure that no single user has unchecked control over the funds, increasing security and accountability. Explore more about crypto wallets with our crypto wallet development services.In a multi-sig wallet, a configuration is set to require a specific number of approvals (M) out of a total number of keys (N) to authorize a transaction. For instance, a 2-of-3 multi-sig setup means that any two of the three signatories must approve a transaction before it can be completed. This structure enables a system of mutual oversight, where each participant plays a role in safeguarding assets, greatly reducing the likelihood of misuse or unauthorized access.Additionally, multi-sig wallets support more transparent, collaborative governance structures, which align well with the decentralized ethos of blockchain technology. By requiring multiple approvals, these wallets allow for shared decision-making and control, empowering groups to protect assets in a secure, decentralized manner.In this developer's guide, we will explore the steps to create a multi-signature wallet on Solana.Prerequisite TechnologiesBefore proceeding with the implementation, make sure to have the following tools and technologies ready:Rust: The main programming language used for development on Solana.Solana CLI: Tools that allow command-line interaction with the Solana blockchain.Rust libraries: A good understanding of Rust libraries that assist with cryptographic operations and account management.You may also like | Develop a Multi-Token Crypto Wallet for Ethereum with Web3.jsCode Implementation | Creating a Multi-Signature Wallet on SolanaBelow are the essential components of the multi-sig wallet implementation. After initializing an empty Rust Project,create the following files in your project directory.# Inside the 'src' Folder-> processor.rs: This file contains the core logic of your multi-sig wallet, handling transactions and validating signatures. // processor.rs use solana_program::{ account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo}, entrypoint::ProgramResult, msg, program_error::ProgramError, pubkey::Pubkey, }; use crate::{instruction::MultiSigInstruction, state::MultiSig, error::MultiSigError}; use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize}; pub struct Processor; impl Processor { pub fn process( program_id: &Pubkey, accounts: &[AccountInfo], instruction_data: &[u8] ) -> ProgramResult { let instruction = MultiSigInstruction::unpack(instruction_data)?; match instruction { MultiSigInstruction::Initialize { owners, threshold } => { Self::process_initialize(accounts, owners, threshold, program_id) }, MultiSigInstruction::SubmitTransaction { transaction_id } => { Self::process_submit_transaction(accounts, transaction_id, program_id) }, MultiSigInstruction::Approve { transaction_id } => { Self::process_approve(accounts, transaction_id, program_id) }, MultiSigInstruction::Execute { transaction_id } => { Self::process_execute(accounts, transaction_id, program_id) }, } } fn process_initialize( accounts: &[AccountInfo], owners: Vec<Pubkey>, threshold: u8, program_id: &Pubkey, ) -> ProgramResult { let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter(); let multisig_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?; if owners.len() < threshold as usize { msg!("Insufficient number of owners for the threshold."); return Err(ProgramError::InvalidInstructionData); } let multisig_data = MultiSig { owners, threshold, approvals: 0, executed: false, }; multisig_data.serialize(&mut &mut multisig_account.data.borrow_mut()[..])?; Ok(()) } fn process_submit_transaction( accounts: &[AccountInfo], transaction_id: u64, program_id: &Pubkey, ) -> ProgramResult { let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter(); let multisig_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?; let mut multisig_data = MultiSig::try_from_slice(&multisig_account.data.borrow())?; if multisig_data.executed { msg!("Transaction already executed."); return Err(MultiSigError::AlreadyExecuted.into()); } multisig_data.approvals = 0; multisig_data.executed = false; multisig_data.serialize(&mut &mut multisig_account.data.borrow_mut()[..])?; Ok(()) } fn process_approve( accounts: &[AccountInfo], transaction_id: u64, program_id: &Pubkey, ) -> ProgramResult { let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter(); let multisig_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?; let signer_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?; let mut multisig_data = MultiSig::try_from_slice(&multisig_account.data.borrow())?; if !multisig_data.owners.contains(signer_account.key) { msg!("Signer is not an owner."); return Err(MultiSigError::NotOwner.into()); } multisig_data.approvals += 1; multisig_data.serialize(&mut &mut multisig_account.data.borrow_mut()[..])?; Ok(()) } fn process_execute( accounts: &[AccountInfo], transaction_id: u64, program_id: &Pubkey, ) -> ProgramResult { let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter(); let multisig_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?; let mut multisig_data = MultiSig::try_from_slice(&multisig_account.data.borrow())?; if multisig_data.approvals < multisig_data.threshold { msg!("Not enough approvals to execute transaction."); return Err(MultiSigError::InsufficientSigners.into()); } multisig_data.executed = true; multisig_data.serialize(&mut &mut multisig_account.data.borrow_mut()[..])?; Ok(()) } } Also, Check | Developing Cross-Platform Crypto Wallet with Web3.js & React-> instruction.rs : This file defines the instructions that can be executed by the multi-sig wallet, including methods for adding signatories, removing them, and executing transactions. // instruction.rs use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize}; use solana_program::program_error::ProgramError; use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey; [derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)] pub enum MultiSigInstruction { Initialize { owners: Vec<Pubkey>, threshold: u8 }, SubmitTransaction { transaction_id: u64 }, Approve { transaction_id: u64 }, Execute { transaction_id: u64 }, } impl MultiSigInstruction { pub fn unpack(input: &[u8]) -> Result { let (tag, rest) = input.split_first().ok_or(ProgramError::InvalidInstructionData)?; match tag { 0 => { let owners = Vec::::deserialize(&mut &rest[..])?; let threshold = *rest.get(owners.len() * 32).ok_or(ProgramError::InvalidInstructionData)?; Ok(Self::Initialize { owners, threshold }) }, 1 => { let transaction_id = u64::from_le_bytes( rest.get(..8).ok_or(ProgramError::InvalidInstructionData)?.try_into().unwrap(), ); Ok(Self::SubmitTransaction { transaction_id }) }, 2 => { let transaction_id = u64::from_le_bytes( rest.get(..8).ok_or(ProgramError::InvalidInstructionData)?.try_into().unwrap(), ); Ok(Self::Approve { transaction_id }) }, 3 => { let transaction_id = u64::from_le_bytes( rest.get(..8).ok_or(ProgramError::InvalidInstructionData)?.try_into().unwrap(), ); Ok(Self::Execute { transaction_id }) }, _ => Err(ProgramError::InvalidInstructionData), } } } -> lib.rs: This file sets up the entry point for your program, initializing necessary components. // lib.rs use solana_program::{ account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint, entrypoint::ProgramResult, pubkey::Pubkey, }; pub mod instruction; pub mod processor; pub mod state; pub mod error; pub mod utils; entrypoint!(process_instruction); fn process_instruction( program_id: &Pubkey, accounts: &[AccountInfo], instruction_data: &[u8], ) -> ProgramResult { processor::Processor::process(program_id, accounts, instruction_data) } Also, Read | How to Build a Multi-Chain Account Abstraction Wallet#Inside the utils Folder-> utils.rs: Utility functions that assist in various operations, such as validating signatures or formatting transactions. // utils.rs use solana_program::{ account_info::AccountInfo, pubkey::Pubkey, }; pub fn is_signer(account_info: &AccountInfo, pubkey: &Pubkey) -> bool { account_info.is_signer && account_info.key == pubkey } -> error.rs: Defines custom error types that can be returned by your program, improving debugging and error handling. use thiserror::Error; use solana_program::program_error::ProgramError; [derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)] pub enum MultiSigError { #[error("Insufficient signers")] InsufficientSigners, #[error("Transaction already executed")] AlreadyExecuted, #[error("Owner not recognized")] NotOwner, } impl From for ProgramError { fn from(e: MultiSigError) -> Self { ProgramError::Custom(e as u32) } } -> state.rs: This file manages the state of the wallet, including sign and pending transactions. // state.rs use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize}; use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey; [derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)] pub struct MultiSig { pub owners: Vec, pub threshold: u8, pub approvals: u8, pub executed: bool, } } -> Cargo.toml : This is the main configuration file for any rust project, that defines all the external dependencies to be used in a versioned manner. [package] name = "multi_sig" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" [dependencies] bincode = "1.3.3" borsh = "1.5.1" log = "0.4.22" serde = "1.0.213" solana-program = "2.0.14" thiserror = "1.0.65" [lib] crate-type = ["cdylib", "lib"] Also, Check | How to Build a Cryptocurrency Wallet App Like ExodusConclusionIn this quick developers' guide, we discovered how to create and set up a multi-signature wallet on Solana using Rust. Doing so is both a technical accomplishment and a strategic initiative aimed at improving security and trust within decentralized finance. By necessitating multiple approvals for every transaction, multi-sig wallets address the risks posed by single-key control, thereby reducing the threats related to potential fraud, theft, or improper handling of funds. This system of approvals is especially beneficial for organizations, DAOs, and collaborative projects that require high standards of accountability and shared control. If you are looking to create a multi-signature wallet on Solana or any other blockchains, connect with our Solana developers to get started.As an increasing number of organizations and institutions embrace blockchain technology for transparent and secure asset management, multi-sig wallets are expected to become essential. They not only safeguard digital assets but also ensure that all stakeholders have a say in the decision-making process. This model of collaborative governance is in perfect harmony with the fundamental principles of decentralization, rendering multi-signature wallets a crucial component in the advancing field of blockchain technology. Adopting this method not only protects assets but also enables organizations to function with improved transparency, security, and reliability.

Technology: EXPRESS.JS , GANACHE more Category: Blockchain

Aditya Sharma

30 Oct 2024

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